{"id":134,"date":"2005-11-30T14:53:03","date_gmt":"2005-11-30T13:53:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ikiru.ch\/blog\/?p=134"},"modified":"2020-02-09T19:21:26","modified_gmt":"2020-02-10T00:21:26","slug":"lanti-americanisme-vu-par-un-etasunien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jcvignoli.com\/blog\/2005\/lanti-americanisme-vu-par-un-etasunien","title":{"rendered":"L’anti-am\u00e9ricanisme vu par un Etasunien"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ca fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un petit moment que je me demande comment les Etasuniens peuvent percevoir les vagues d’hostilit\u00e9 europ\u00e9ennes et mondiales \u00e0 leur encontre. Etant plus sensible que de coutume au sujet, j’ai bloqu\u00e9 sur un \u00e9dito de l’International Herald Tribune<\/a> (IHT) : \u00ab\u00a0Anti-Americanism is one ‘ism’ that thrives\u00a0\u00bb, by Roger Cohen.<\/p>\n

Mon \u00e9dition date du samedi-dimanche 26-27 novembre. Roger Cohen se penche sur les raisons de l’anti-am\u00e9ricanisme ambiant. Je reproduis ici certains extraits, puisque l’IHT rend payant ses articles, m\u00eame si ce n’est que de simples \u00e9ditos.<\/p>\n

Most political \u00ab\u00a0isms\u00a0\u00bb are dead or moribund or past their prime: \u00ab\u00a0totalitarianism,\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0communism,\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0socialism,\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0Marxism,\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0fascism.\u00a0\u00bb Humanity paid too high a price for them in the 20th centruy, or simply discarded them, and moved on.
\n[…]
\nWhit the demise of the other \u00ab\u00a0isms,\u00a0\u00bb, another has gained prominence, to the point where it’s the most virutlent global political idea. I refer to \u00ab\u00a0Anti-Americanism,\u00a0\u00bb an idea espoused and pondered the world over, a kind of background drone from Brazil to Bahrain.
\n[…]
\nOn the anti-Americanism register, there is also sovereign or nationalist or regional anti-Americanism[…]. \u00ab\u00a0The big ‘O’, or the big other, can be very useful,\u00a0\u00bb said Jan-Werner Mueller, a Princeton polical scientist. \u00ab\u00a0There’s a school of thinking that says if we are building a European identity, we have to build it against something.
\nAnd what better to be agains today than America, the hyperposer, the elephant on the word stage, the inescapable country that some Americans call the indispensable nation?
\n[…]
\nYes, there is a further category of anti-Amercianism that blends something of all others. Call it \u00ab\u00a0catchall anti-americanism.\u00a0\u00bb
\nIf you don’t like the market, blame America. If you don’t like modernity, blame America. If you fear open borders, blame America, After all, it must be this restless country that has created such a restless world.
\n[…]
\nResearch led by Robert Keohane, a professor of international affairs at Princeton, suggests that there is no real impact since 2001 on major U.S. corporations including Coca-Cola, Nike, Pepsi and McDonalds, whose European sales have continued to climb, often at a faster rate than their European competitors. He said \u00ab\u00a0Mr. Big\u00a0\u00bb was not suffering measurable damage.
\nAnti-Americanism, it seems, often stops where it might hurt: pealple like to inveigh against the United States but then go on buying the same brands and looking for means to send their kids to be educated here. This pervasive \u00ab\u00a0ism\u00a0\u00bb may be more affectation or attitude than ideology.
\n[…]
\nA lot of anti-Americanisms are inocuous enough. But some are not. Because if America withdrew from the world, as many people profess to wish, the result would be greater instability and danger – and perhaps a wave of another \u00ab\u00a0ism,\u00a0\u00bb revisionism.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Autant le dire tout de suite, je suis enti\u00e8rement d’accord avec sa conclusion. Dans l’anti-am\u00e9ricanisme ambiant, on perd de vue que l’isolationisme US est pire que tout. On est trop souvent all\u00e9 chercher la grande nation am\u00e9ricaine devant des catastrophes qu’on ne savait pas r\u00e9soudre. Je ne pense pas aux marroniers que repr\u00e9sentent les 1\u00e8re et 2nde Guerres Mondiales, mais \u00e0 quantit\u00e9 d’autres situations o\u00f9 l’Europe \u00e9tait d\u00e9munie : c’est, exemple parmi tant d’autres, le cas du Kosovo, o\u00f9 seule l’intervention US, via l’OTAN, a permis de stopper Milosevic.
\n
\nLe danger de l’anti-am\u00e9ricanisme est bien de perdre de mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9versible l’alli\u00e9 \u00e9tasunien. Bien que ce risque soit r\u00e9duit au minimum, au vu des liens \u00e9conomiques et politiques entretenus entre l’Europe et les USA. Mais l’affaire des prisons secr\u00e8tes<\/a> que la CIA aurait en Europe (voir \u00e9galement un commentaire<\/a>, dont j’aime beaucoup la derni\u00e8re phrase ; va-t-on commencer \u00e0 comprendre l’importance de l’Union europ\u00e9enne ? Voir aussi ici<\/a>, sur un autre sujet) montre que les clashs<\/em> sont encore d’actualit\u00e9 entre les deux continents.<\/p>\n

Tout d’abord, l’\u00e9dito de Cohen nous permet de r\u00e9duire le questionnement \u00e9tasunien \u00e0 la seule Europe; en effet, bien que l’\u00e9ditorialiste commence par expliquer que l’anti-am\u00e9ricanisme est global, il n’est pas anodin de noter que l’\u00e9tude de Kehoane \u00e0 laquelle il se r\u00e9f\u00e8re, ne concerne que le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en. Si l’hypoth\u00e8se semble juste, sa comparaison avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 n’est pas valable. Pourquoi faire ce test avec le Vieux continent ? Parce qu’il est le seul v\u00e9ritable alli\u00e9 des USA. Qu’il est le seul sur lequel ce contient si s\u00fbr de lui, peut s’appuyer durant l’\u00e9mergence de la Chine. Parce que les deux sont traditionnellement des alli\u00e9s s\u00fbrs.<\/p>\n

Revenant \u00e0 mon interrogation de d\u00e9part, je voudrais d\u00e9montrer \u00e0 quel point les Etasuniens ne comprennent pas la majeure partie de la haine qui leur est vou\u00e9e. La r\u00e9thorique de la Maison Blanche au lendemain du 11 septembre a ici pleinement port\u00e9e ses fruits : si nombreux sont ceux \u00e0 avoir fait l’amalgame entre Sadam Husssein et l’odieux attentat sur le WTC, nombreux \u00e9galement croient aujourd’hui que le m\u00e9pris europ\u00e9en envers les USA repose sur un rejet de ce qu’ils sont :<\/p>\n

If you don’t like the market, blame America. If you don’t like modernity, blame America. If you fear open borders, blame America, After all, it must be this restless country that has created such a restless world.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Cela n’a pourtant rien \u00e0 voir. Si l’on analyse par ailleurs les d\u00e9cisions en mati\u00e8re \u00e9conomiques du gouvernement \u00e9tasunien, on se rend bien vite compte qu’en mati\u00e8re de lib\u00e9ralisme \u00e9conomique, les USA ne sont pas exactement ce qu’il y a de pire dans le domaine. Protection de la m\u00e9tallurgie, lobbies agricoles influents dans les couloirs du Congr\u00e8s, VER<\/acronym> demand\u00e9es aujourd’hui \u00e0 la Chine comme hier au Japon, les USA sont peut-\u00eatre le temple de la r\u00e9flexion lib\u00e9rale, mais pas celui de son application. Si sa protection de l’employ\u00e9 est r\u00e9duite au minimum, cela tient d’une culture traditionnellement tourn\u00e9e vers l’entrepreuneuriat et non vers le salariat, plus que d’une adh\u00e9sion aux id\u00e9aux d’Adam Smith; l’Angleterre serait beaucoup plus \u00e0 bl\u00e2mer, d’ailleurs.<\/p>\n

Les USA ont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 durant la Guerre Froide un id\u00e9al de libert\u00e9s; c’est ce qu’ils \u00e9taient<\/strong> qui attirait les immigrants. Les USA, qui ne semblent plus \u00eatre aujourd’hui ce havre de libert\u00e9, ont du mal \u00e0 comprendre que c’est ce qu’ils font<\/strong> qui d\u00e9pla\u00eet tant.<\/p>\n

Que ce soit (liste restreinte au minimum) l’ouverture de puits en Alaska, le rejet de la coop\u00e9ration et coordination internationale au sujet du climat (Kyoto), Guantanamo et la position g\u00e9n\u00e9rale sur la torture, l’intervention en Irak et un d\u00e9dain g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pour le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l’ONU, tout ce que fait cette administration Bush est entrepris de mani\u00e8re unilat\u00e9rale. C’est en cela que r\u00e9side le clash<\/em> entre l’Europe (je passe ici par-dessus les hypocrites hommes politiques ayant suivis les USA; Europe est \u00e0 comprendre comme \u00ab\u00a0peuple europ\u00e9en\u00a0\u00bb) et une partie de l’opinion publique \u00e9tasunienne. Les Europ\u00e9ens sont tourn\u00e9s vers la multilat\u00e9ralisme (depuis une cinquantaine d’ann\u00e9es), et les Etats-Unis vers l’unilat\u00e9ralisme.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9sumons : les USA ne sont pas ce p\u00f4le de lib\u00e9ralisme tant d\u00e9cri\u00e9, et la haine \u00e0 leur encontre ne repose pas sur ce qu’ils sont, mais sur leur conception de la (non-)coop\u00e9ration internationale. Comment le leur faire comprendre ? Comment ramener les USA \u00e0 respecter le droit international, eux qui en furent parmi les plus grands contributeurs ?<\/p>\n

It’s not about what you are, but about what you do<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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Ca fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un petit moment que je me demande comment les Etasuniens peuvent percevoir les vagues d’hostilit\u00e9 europ\u00e9ennes et mondiales \u00e0 leur encontre. Etant plus sensible que de coutume au sujet, j’ai bloqu\u00e9 sur un \u00e9dito de l’International Herald Tribune (IHT) : \u00ab\u00a0Anti-Americanism is one ‘ism’ that thrives\u00a0\u00bb, by Roger Cohen. Mon \u00e9dition date […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,13,14,16],"tags":[529,173,142,171],"class_list":["post-134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politique","category-livres","category-ue","category-usa","tag-droit-international","tag-international_herald_tribune","tag-liberalisme","tag-unilateralisme","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"language":"fr","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jcvignoli.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jcvignoli.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jcvignoli.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jcvignoli.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jcvignoli.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=134"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.jcvignoli.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jcvignoli.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jcvignoli.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jcvignoli.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}